What are the main bottlenecks in upstream and downstream process of marketing of Agricultural products in India?
In the marketing of agricultural products in India, there are several bottlenecks or challenges faced both in the upstream and downstream processes. These bottlenecks can vary depending on the specific product and region, but here are some common examples: Upstream Bottlenecks: 1. Fragmented Farming: Indian agriculture is predominantly characterized by small and fragmented landholdings. This leads to inefficiencies in production, as small farmers lack economies of scale and face challenges in adopting modern farming techniques. 2. Lack of Infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure such as storage facilities, transportation networks, and irrigation systems pose significant challenges. Poor post-harvest management facilities lead to substantial losses, and inadequate transportation networks result in delays and increased costs. 3. Limited Access to Finance: Farmers often struggle to access formal credit due to insufficient collateral, resulting in reliance on informal lenders who cha...
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