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Introduction: The article "Justice is not blind, just a tad tongue-tied" by K. Chandru delves into the linguistic challenges within India's judicial system. It critiques the reliance on English in legal proceedings and judgments, which often alienates non-English-speaking citizens, thereby questioning the accessibility and inclusivity of the justice system. Key Points: 1. Constitutional Provisions on Language: .Article 343 designates Hindi as the official language of the Union. Article 345 allows states to adopt their own official languages. Article 348 mandates that laws made by Parliament and judgments of the Supreme Court be in English. 2. Judicial Language Practices: The Supreme Court and High Courts predominantly use English Some states have introduced regional languages in their High Courts, but judgments are still required to be in English. 3. Historical and Legislative Developments: In 1986, Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M. Karunanidhi proposed introducing Tamil in th...

  The Supreme Court of India has consistently upheld the principle of linguistic secularism, ensuring that no language is given preferential treatment over others. This approach is evident in its rulings and interpretations, which emphasize the importance of linguistic equality in a diverse nation like India. One significant instance is the Court's interpretation of Article 343 of the Constitution, which designates Hindi in the Devanagari script as the official language of the Union. The Court has clarified that while Hindi is the official language, it does not diminish the status of other languages. This interpretation aligns with the Constitution's spirit, promoting linguistic diversity and inclusivity. Furthermore, the Court has addressed issues related to the imposition of Hindi in non-Hindi speaking states. In such cases, the Court has ruled that the central government must respect the linguistic preferences of states, ensuring that no language is imposed upon the people. ...

  The Supreme Court of India has consistently played a pivotal role in safeguarding individual rights and reinforcing democratic values. Through its landmark judgments, the Court has ensured that the Constitution's principles are upheld, even in the face of challenges. One notable example is the Court's stance on the Right to Privacy. In the 2017 Justice K.S. Puttaswamy (Retd.) vs Union of India case, the Court declared the right to privacy as a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution. This judgment emphasized that personal autonomy and informational privacy are essential components of individual liberty, thereby protecting citizens from unwarranted state intrusion. Another significant instance is the decriminalization of Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code. In 2018, the Supreme Court ruled that consensual homosexual acts between adults are not criminal offenses. This decision was a monumental step towards equality, affirming that the law should not discriminate...

  The Supreme Court of India plays a crucial role in protecting individual rights and upholding democratic values, often acting as a check on executive and legislative overreach. In recent years, several landmark judgments have reaffirmed its commitment to constitutional principles. 1. Upholding the Right to Privacy in Bail Conditions (2024) In a recent ruling, the Supreme Court held that bail conditions must not violate the accused’s right to privacy. It stated that continuous surveillance or intrusive conditions such as sharing social media passwords cannot be imposed arbitrarily. Significance: Protects individual liberty and ensures fair treatment under Article 21 of the Constitution. 2. Firm Stand on POCSO Implementation (2024) The Court asserted that no personal opinions or “sympathetic exceptions” can override the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act. Example: In cases where courts tried to justify exceptions in consensual relationships involving minors, th...

  Key Features of the Hiroshima AI Process Comprehensive Policy Framework : Human-Centered Approach The framework emphasizes that AI should prioritize human welfare , and its development must ensure that people’s rights and dignity are respected. Example : AI applications in healthcare should focus on improving patient outcomes, ensuring privacy, and maintaining fairness in diagnosis and treatment. Accountability and Transparency AI systems must be transparent , meaning that their decision-making processes should be understandable and accessible to users. This allows for accountability in cases of errors or unintended consequences. Example : A company developing AI for hiring should provide transparency into how its algorithm evaluates candidates, allowing users to understand how decisions are made. Global Collaboration The framework promotes international collaboration among governments, industries, and research organizations to develop harmonized s...

OECD Guidelines on Artificial Intelligence   Principle : AI should be used to benefit people, society, and the environment, contributing to economic growth and sustainable development . Example : AI in healthcare : AI systems like IBM Watson for healthcare are used to enhance diagnosis accuracy, making healthcare more accessible and efficient, which contributes to better well-being. AI in agriculture : AI systems help farmers increase crop yield using smart irrigation systems and predictive analytics that assist in sustainable farming practices. 2. Human-Centered Values and Fairness Principle : AI should respect human rights, be fair, and ensure it doesn’t discriminate against people based on gender, race, or other factors. Example : Bias detection in hiring : AI-based tools like HireVue aim to reduce human biases in the recruitment process by analyzing candidate interviews with algorithms designed to ensure fairness, minimizing discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, or ot...

Contribution of Coins to the Study of Indian History 1. Importance of Numismatic Studies Numismatics is the study of coins, discovered through excavations or accidental finds. Coins provide crucial historical evidence, confirming, modifying, or amplifying history. They reveal information about political, economic, religious, and cultural aspects. Coins help in understanding administration, historical geography, and artistic material evidence. 2. Sources for the Discovery of Ancient Indian Coins 2.1 Treasure Troves Coins found as hoards, often buried for safekeeping. Examples: Bayana hoard (1821, Bharatpur, Rajasthan): Gupta gold coins. Tarhala hoard (Maharashtra): Satavahana coins. Jogilthembi hoard (Nashik, Maharashtra): 13,250 silver coins. Treasure trove laws: Ancient India: Kings were considered the owner of buried treasures. Indian Treasure Trove Act (1878): Government can claim unearthed treasures exceeding ₹10. 2.2 Excavations...

  Introduction: The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed industries, from healthcare to finance, yet it raises profound ethical questions. As AI systems increasingly influence decision-making, embedding ethical principles into their design is critical to prevent harm and foster trust. This article explores the foundational values essential for ethical AI development, emphasizing their integration from inception to deployment. 1. Transparency and Explainability  Transparency ensures stakeholders understand how AI models function, while explainability provides insights into decision-making processes. Complex models like deep neural networks often act as "black boxes," obscuring their logic. This opacity can erode trust, especially in high-stakes domains such as criminal justice or healthcare. Techniques like LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) and tools such as IBM’s AI Fairness 360 aim to demystify AI decisions. Regulatory framew...

  Political economy plays a crucial role in ensuring that technological advancements lead to shared prosperity rather than exacerbating inequalities. Here’s how: Regulation and Governance : Political decisions shape the regulatory framework that governs how technologies are developed, deployed, and used. Regulations can ensure fair competition, protect consumer rights, and promote inclusivity. For instance, laws can mandate accessibility standards for technology to ensure that all individuals benefit equally. Distribution of Benefits : The political economy determines how the economic benefits of technological progress are distributed. Policies such as progressive taxation or welfare programs can redistribute wealth and ensure that gains from technology benefit a broader segment of society, not just the wealthy or tech-savvy. Labor Market Dynamics : Technology often disrupts traditional industries and jobs. Political decisions influence how governments respond to these changes thro...

 The emotional well-being of children has been increasingly influenced by several modern factors, including social media, overprotective parenting, and the decline of unsupervised outdoor play. Each of these elements plays a role in shaping children's emotional health, and their combined effects can be complex. Here’s a closer look at how each factor impacts children: 1. Social Media Impact on Emotional Well-being: Increased Anxiety and Depression : Social media can expose children to idealized images and lifestyles, potentially leading to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem. For example, seeing peers portray seemingly perfect lives on platforms like Instagram or TikTok can make children feel like they don't measure up. Cyberbullying : Social media can be a medium for cyberbullying, which can lead to increased stress, anxiety, and depression. Victims of online bullying may experience emotional trauma and difficulty trusting others. Reduced Face-to-Face Interaction : Exce...

  The statement highlights a critical issue in how climate change is addressed globally. Here’s a breakdown of the key points: Flaws in the Current Approach: Ignoring Trade-offs : Many advanced nations and policymakers are often focused on specific strategies or technologies to combat climate change without adequately considering the trade-offs involved. Complex Interdependencies : Addressing climate change involves intricate interdependencies among environmental, economic, and social factors. A singular focus on reducing carbon emissions, for instance, may inadvertently lead to negative impacts on other aspects such as employment, economic growth, or social equity. Unintended Consequences : Policies that ignore trade-offs can lead to unintended consequences. For example, aggressive mandates on renewable energy might drive up electricity costs, which could disproportionately affect low-income households. Examples of Trade-offs: Energy Transition : Transitioning from fossil fuels to...

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India’s Jute Industry India is the  world’s biggest producer of jute , followed by Bangladesh. Jute is  primarily grown in West Bengal, Odisha, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Andhra Pradesh. The  jute industry in India is 150 years old . There are about 79 jute mills in the country, of which about 60 are in West Bengal along both the banks of river Hooghly. Jute production is a labour intensive industry. It employs about two lakh workers in the West Bengal alone and 4 lakh workers across the country. The major problems of Indian Jute Industries are mentioned below: High cost of production:  Equipments for production are all worn out, outmoded in design. Many mills are uneconomic. Products are made costlier. Storage of raw Jute:  Jute industry suffers from inadequate supply of raw jute. Shortage of Power Supply : Load-shedding creates problem of under-utilization of capacity. Growth of Jute mills in Bangladesh and loss of foreign market : Newly started jute indust...

 The phrase "Insanity: doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results" is a powerful reminder of the folly of repeating actions that have consistently failed to produce the desired outcome. This principle holds true across various aspects of life, from personal relationships to professional endeavors to societal structures. In the context of India, there are numerous examples that illustrate the pervasiveness of this cycle of insanity, hindering progress and perpetuating stagnation. Dimension 1: Societal Practices One prominent example is the entrenched caste system, which has plagued Indian society for centuries. Despite numerous efforts to dismantle this rigid hierarchy, it continues to cast its shadow over social interactions, economic opportunities, and political representation. The persistence of caste-based discrimination, often manifesting in violence and exclusion, exemplifies the insanity of clinging to outdated practices that breed inequali...

 Uplifting core values in society requires a comprehensive and multi-faceted approach. Here are some measures that can be adopted to foster and promote positive core values, thereby addressing and mitigating the manifestation of corruption: 1. Education and Awareness:    - Incorporate Ethics in Education: Integrate ethics and values education into formal education systems at all levels. Teach students about the importance of integrity, honesty, and social responsibility.    - Public Awareness Campaigns: Conduct campaigns that raise awareness about the detrimental effects of corruption on society and emphasize the benefits of ethical behavior. 2. Promotion of Civic Engagement:    - Community Involvement:Encourage active participation in community and civic activities. Engaged citizens are more likely to contribute positively to society and hold others accountable for their actions.    - Volunteerism: Promote volunteerism as a means of ins...