National Strategy for Financial Education (NSFE 2020-2025)

India, with a large section of population in the working age group, is already the third largest economy in the world in terms of purchasing power parity and is aiming to become a USD 5 trillion economy. The Government has been undertaking a series of calibrated macro measures through wide ranging structural reforms. We need to harness the demographic dividend by meeting the aspirations of a large young population. This necessitates creating an enabling environment and infrastructure in the form of education, training and opportunity. Among all the prerequisites for achieving demographic dividend and accelerated growth, quality of human resources, greater formalisation of economy, a higher credit to GDP ratio and greater financial inclusion are the differentiating factors that would elevate our economy to the desired level.

Financial Inclusion initiatives so far

. Financial Inclusion initiatives in India started in the aftermath of first All India Rural Credit Survey in 1954 with promotion of cooperatives, followed later by expansion of branch network after nationalization of major private sector banks, launch of Lead Bank Scheme, promotion of Self Help Groups(SHGs), Joint Liability Groups (JLGs), implementation of Banking Correspondents (BC) model, expansion of banking outlets, creation of payments banks, small finance banks, etc. The largest impact in recent years came from the opening of Jan Dhan accounts and implementation of the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY).

 The launch of Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY) in 2014 has resulted in almost every household having access to formal banking services² along with a platform for availing low value credit, insurance and pension schemes. This has been ably supported by initiatives to ensure last-mile delivery of banking services through innovative banking channels like the BC Model. Thanks to technology, there has been massive improvement in deepening of digital financial services. The Jan Dhan, Aadhaar and Mobile (JAM) eco system has made a significant difference in the universe of financial inclusion..

 Further, several initiatives have been taken for the creation of enabling digital infrastructure at the ground level and accelerate the progress towards universalising digital payments in a convenient, safe, secure and affordable manner. Among those, the pilot project launched by the RBI in Oct 2019 to make one identified district in every State/Union Territory 100% digitally enabled by March 2021 is significant. Forty-two such districts including 8 aspirational districts are part of this initiative. In addition to putting in place the necessary digital ecosystem, focussed attention by stakeholders on imparting financial education to the target groups will go a long way towards fulfilling the objectives of the pilot and provide a blueprint for scaling up similar initiatives in other districts.

 The Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) approved the National Strategy for Financial Inclusion (NSFI) document which was launched by RBI earlier this year³ on January 10, 2020. The NSFI envisions to make financial services available, accessible, and affordable to all the citizens in a safe and transparent manner to support inclusive growth through multi-stakeholder approach.

National Strategy for Financial Education (NSFE 2020-2025)

Vision, Strategic Objectives and 5C approach

 Financial Education is one of the strategic pillars which sets the broad context for the National Strategy for Financial Education (2020-2025). 

The NSFE (2020-2025) has set an ambitious vision of creating a financially aware and empowered India.

 It focusses on various aspects of financial education across banking, insurance, pension and investments through greater role for financial institutions (both banks and non-banks), educational institutions, industry bodies and other stakeholders.

 In order to reach out to the various target groups [school children, teachers, young adults, women, new entrants at workplace/ entrepreneurs (MSMEs), senior citizens, Divyang persons, illiterate people, etc.)], innovative techniques and digital modes of delivery including targeted modules for specific categories of customers have been envisaged. 

Further, due emphasis has also been given to safe usage of digital financial services and enhancing awareness about grievance redress measures. Keeping in view the importance of evidence-based policy making, evaluation methods to assess progress in financial education have also been identified as one of the strategic objectives.

. The strategy includes a ‘5 Cs’ approach for dissemination of financial education through emphasis on development of relevan

 Content (including Curriculum in schools, colleges and training establishments);

 Capacity of the intermediaries who provide financial services and education; 

leveraging on the positive effect of Community led model for financial literacy through appropriate Communication Strategy; 

and enhancing Collaboration among various stakeholders.

The Way Forward and Conclusion

 Financial inclusion in the country is poised to grow exponentially with digital savvy millennials joining the workforce, social media blurring the urban-rural divide and technology shaping the policy interventions. Going forward, harnessing the near universal reach of bank accounts across the length and breadth of the country, there needs to be greater focus on penetration of sustainable credit, investment, insurance and pension products by addressing demand side constraints with enhanced customer protection.

 The interventions in financial education would have to be customised (local language and local settings) keeping the different target audience in mind. The scaling up of CFL project across the country at the block level would be the cornerstone of community led participatory approaches in our journey towards greater financial literacy.

 Technology, though being a great enabler, can also lead to exclusion of certain segments of society. It is imperative to build trust in formal financial services among the hitherto excluded population. Adequate safeguards need to be reinforced to address issues of cyber security, data confidentiality, mis-selling, customer protection and grievance redress through appropriate financial education and awareness. These cast great responsibility on financial education providers.