TYPES OF VALUES:

 There are varieties of values and ethics present in a present society. These different types and kinds of values can be classified as follows:  

 1. Individual Values: As the name itself signifies, individual values are such which is directly concerned to the development of human personality. It targets individual norms of recognization and protection of the human personality such as honesty, loyalty and honor.

2. Collective Values: Collective values are concerned with the society at large. Values connected with the norms of equality, justice, solidarity and sociability are known as collective values.

3. Intrinsic Values: These can be called as fundamental values to life and are directly related with the core goal of life. In the hierarchy of human values, these values stand at the highest place and are superior to all other values of life. These values help to determine the intensity of human rights and duties.

4. Instrumental Values: Those values which facilitate to achieve an individual’s intrinsic values can be classified as instrumental values. These are preferable modes of behavior that helps to achieve one’s terminal values. These values come after the intrinsic values and are more focused on personality traits and character which helps to achieve goals of life. This includes honesty, sincerity, ambition, courageousness, competitiveness, ambition, independence and also some negative traits as well

5. Terminal Values: The end goals that an individual desires to achieve in his life are known as terminal values. These are said to be desirable end state of existence. This includes values like happiness, self-respect, social security, harmony, personal excellence etc. These values are the most desirable one in one’s life and individual work towards them to achieve in their life.

6. Dominant Values: Values which are on priority in one’s own agenda can be identified as dominant values. These are the stronger and are more present in a person than other values. In every human being, there are different sort of values which are present, but all values are not present to the same level or to the same extent. The values which a person possesses to the highest level can be considered as dominant value.

7. Personal Values: Values which are deeply connected with a person is known as personal values. Personal values are considered as an essential principle on which we build our life and relate with other people. One can consider these values as a mixture of family as well as socio-cultural environment values together with one’s own individual experience.

8. Family Values: One can simply say family as a social institution which is based on certain universally defined value system. These values are nurtured and cultivated within a family system. Mainly, these values comes from the lead of the family mostly father who transfer these values to their children, who further impart these values to future generation. These values can be considered as the basic principles and guidelines for human behavior in the family as well as in the society.

9. Socio-Cultural Values: The very foundation of our society is based upon some sort of socio-cultural values and hence it survives on these accepted values only. These can also be categorized as prevailing values in our society, which often change with time or on the other way coincide or not with our family or personal values. Thus, society collectively represents a complex mixture of several values and sometimes it contradicts with one another. For example, if work is not valued socially as a means of personal fulfillment then the society is indirectly fostering anti-values like dishonesty, irresponsibility and crime.

10. Material Values: Material values calls for need of human being regarding things required for human survival and existence. These values allow us to survive and are related to our basic subsistence needs as a human being such as food, clothing and protection from the environment. These can also be categorized as fundamental needs, part of complex web that is created between personal, family and socio-cultural values

11. Spiritual Values: Spiritual values are connected purely to the non-material aspects in our lives, that is, these are concerned with spiritual hunger and growth. They are a part of inner human needs and allow us to observe minimum level of value system expected in our society.

12. Moral Values: These values constitute attitude and behavior that a society consider essential for co-existence, order and general well-being. These values help us to observe minimum level of value system expected in our society

13. Theoretical Values: This kind of value typically focuses on adopting a critical and rational approach to any problem. These are related to the basic system of truth and rational conduct of individual.

14. Aesthetic Values: Softer values of goodness are termed as a aesthetic values and all these come from grace, poise, harmony and emphasize the artistic aspect of one’s life

15. Economic Values: Basic foundational ethical conducts in the field of economics or commerce are called economic values. These are utility and practicality which emphasize more on standard of living

16. Social Values: Values which are generated as well as minimally expected by the society can e classified as social values. These basically include acceptability, cooperation and love for human being.

17. Human Value: Values that basically targets and promotes human growth and development are known as human values e.g simplicity, forgiveness, charity, transparency, humbleness, gratitude etc

18. Dis-Value: Values which demoralize and undermine the human growth and development can be termed as dis-value. This includes jealousy, envy, selfishness, anger, revenge etc.

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