Enumerate the reasons for why cyclones have been intensifying at faster face in the recent past ? How climate change made arabian sea conducive for severe cyclones ?

 Cyclone Biparjoy: 

Rapid changeing characteristics of climate change ,the cyclone phenomenal characters change year on year ,recent cyclone bipajroy one of the best example ,how cyclone shifting their course form cyclones to extreme severe cyclones.

As per NDMA, a cyclone is characterised by inward spiralling winds that rotate anticlockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.According to the  Indian metrological  department,cyclones are divided in two Tropical and extra tropical, Tropical cyclones are those which develop in the regions between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer.Tropical cyclones have different names depending on their location and strength.The IMD categorises a system as a Cyclonic Storm when its 3-minute average maximum sustained wind speeds fall between 63-88 kmph. Similarly, a severe cyclonic storm has winds between 89-117 kmph, a very severe cyclonic storm between 118-165 kmph, and an extremely severe cyclonic storm between 166-220 kmph. Wind speeds above 221 kmph give rise to a super cyclone.

Recent cyclone name ‘Biparjoy’ was given by Bangladesh. It means ‘calamity’ or ‘disaster’. Reportedly, the name was adopted by World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) countries in 2020. It also includes all the tropical cyclones that form over the North Indian Ocean, including the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea .

What we can understand from Cyclone bipajroy is the increase in cyclone activity in the Arabian Sea is tightly linked to the rising ocean temperatures and increased availability of moisture under global warming.  The major factors raise of severe cyclones in Arabian sea is climate change phenomenon and recent study shows that the Arabian Sea has warmed up by almost 1.2°C ,thus conditions are very much favourable for the rapid intensification of the system so it has potential to sustain the strength for a longer period. However the impact of longer period of cyclones is on the number of fishing days in the open sea ,also the longer a cyclonic storm remains over the sea the more energy and moisture it is likely to accumulate, increasing the chances of the storm becoming more severe and causing destruction after landfall.

1) Enumerate the reasons for why cyclones have been intensifying at faster face in the recent past ? How climate change made arabian sea conducive for severe cyclones ?

The intensification of cyclones at a faster pace in recent years can be attributed to several factors, including the influence of climate change. Here are some reasons for the increased intensity of cyclones:

1. Warmer sea surface temperatures: Cyclones derive their energy from warm ocean waters. Climate change has led to rising sea surface temperatures, providing more energy for cyclones to strengthen and intensify. Warmer waters result in increased evaporation and moisture content in the atmosphere, which fuels the cyclone's development.

2. Increased heat content in the ocean: Climate change has caused the overall heat content of the ocean to rise. This increased heat acts as a reservoir of energy, allowing cyclones to draw more energy and potentially intensify more rapidly.

3. Changes in atmospheric conditions: Climate change has altered atmospheric conditions, such as wind patterns and wind shear. Wind shear refers to the variation of wind speed and direction with height. Lower wind shear allows cyclones to develop more symmetrically, aiding their intensification.

4. Changes in precipitation patterns: Climate change can lead to alterations in precipitation patterns, resulting in more intense rainfall associated with cyclones. Increased rainfall can contribute to flooding and other severe impacts, amplifying the overall destructive potential of cyclones.

Regarding the Arabian Sea specifically, climate change has made it more conducive to severe cyclones due to the following reasons:

1. Warming Arabian Sea: The Arabian Sea has experienced significant warming due to climate change. Warmer sea surface temperatures provide the necessary fuel for cyclones to form and intensify, making the Arabian Sea more conducive to cyclonic activity.

2. Monsoon dynamics: The Arabian Sea is influenced by the Indian summer monsoon, which brings moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean. Climate change can affect monsoon dynamics, altering wind patterns and moisture availability. Changes in monsoon dynamics can lead to more favorable conditions for cyclone formation and intensification.

3. Weakening of vertical wind shear: Climate change can lead to changes in wind patterns and wind shear. Weaker vertical wind shear in the Arabian Sea allows cyclones to develop and intensify more easily, as it promotes the vertical alignment of storm systems and reduces disruptive factors that hinder cyclone formation.

It is important to note that while climate change contributes to the intensification of cyclones, other factors such as natural climate variability and regional dynamics also play a role in the behavior of cyclones.

 extratropical cyclones are those which occur outside of the tropic. They have “cold air at their core, and derive their energy from the release of potential energy when cold and warm air masses interact”, according to the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric