EducatorIAS

Benefits of multi-polar world :  A multipolar world is one where power is distributed among several states rather than being dominated by one or two states. During the Cold War, the world was divided into two major power blocs, leading analysts to call it a ‘bipolar’ world. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union and end of the Cold War, the world witnessed a brief unipolar Pax-Americana moment, when analysts believed that the United States of America (USA) had emerged as the sole dominant power at the global level. However, with the emergence of China, Japan, Germany, India, Russia, Brazil, South Africa, etc., as alternate power centres in different continents of the world, ‘multipolarity’, as a concept, received wider scholarly attention. Today's world is thus conceived as multipolar, multi-civilizational and multiplex, where no single country has the wherewithal to dominate the affairs of the world to the disadvantage of others.  As power is not concentrated in any sing...

The world is speeding towards a digital economy, the importance of which has been reinforced by the pandemic. With a move towards digitisation leading to greater efficiency and transparency across all sectors of economy, it was only a matter of time that agriculture sector too would experience its inevitability and follow suit. As per Niti Ayog’s report on Artificial Intelligence, to maintain an annual growth rate of 8-10%, agriculture must grow at 4% or higher rate presently. To achieve this kind of success, digitisation is critically important. The use of technology includes sensor-assisted soil assessment, which is backed by digitisation, automated monitoring of free-ranging animals on pastures, and the targeted control of agricultural machinery. Modern farming methods should enable the management of spatial and temporal variability within plots of land. The produce and the farm products management, logistics, Mandis and retail sellers are using digitisation in a big way and reaping...

Climate change can reduce agricultural income by 15-25 per cent; it is high time that rationale of climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) is valued and implemented more rigorously. Following are crucial to address the climate change and achieve sustainable development goals (SDG) in India: Adaptation of appropriate mitigation technologies such as the cultivation of tolerant breeds to overcome the climate stress Water and nutrient management for efficient productivity and resource utilisation Agro-advisories for timely crop monitoring Conservation agricultural practices to build soil organic carbon and to build congenial environment for plant growth, manure management Keeping these challenges in view, the Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, and Farmers Welfare and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has taken several proactive policies that are being implemented at the village level. Climate-resilient agriculture Climate-resilient agriculture (CRA) is an approach t...

In 2014, the Union government released the National Policy for Management of Crop Residue. Since then, crop residue management has helped make the soil more fertile, thereby resulting in savings of Rs 2,000/hectare from the farmer’s manure cost. Farmers can also manage crop residues effectively by employing agricultural machines like: Happy Seeder(used for sowing of crop in standing stubble) Rotavator (used for land preparation and incorporation of crop stubble in the soil) Zero till seed drill (used for land preparations directly sowing of seeds in the previous crop stubble) Baler (used for collection of straw and making bales of the paddy stubble) Paddy Straw Chopper (cutting of paddy stubble for easily mixing with the soil) Reaper Binder (used for harvesting paddy stubble and making into bundles) On other hand, these machines are too costly and the state governments should come forward and provide better subsidy so that farmer can afford these machines. Former Agriculture Minister R...

Some of the salient achievements include: Under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Package valued at Rs. 2.76 lakh crore, free food grain for 80 crore people, free cooking gas for 8 crore families, and direct cash transfer to over 40 crore farmers, women, elderly, the poor and the needy were provided. As on 3rd February, 2021, a total of 323.19 crore person-days have been generated in the current FY 2020-21 under MGNREGS. Under Pradhan Mantri Garib Kalyan Rojgar Abhiyan, 50.78 crore person-days of employment was generated incurring an expenditure of Rs. 39,293 crore. Rs. 3 lakh crore Collateral-free Automatic Loans for Businesses, including MSMEs: Under Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) 1.0, Rs. 2.14 lakh crore has been sanctioned to 90.57 lakh borrowers of which Rs 1.65 lakh crore has been disbursed to 42.46 lakh borrowers as on 8th January, 2021. Additionally, ECLGS has been extended to 26 stressed sectors identified by the Kamath Committee and the healthcare sector till March,...

Agricultural mechanization is crucial in agriculture sector as it contributes towards improving the efficiency and effectivity of the inputs used in the crop production thereby also increasing the productivity of crops. This also reduces drudgery associated with various farm operations. Taking into consideration the above, to boost the farm mechanization in the country, a special dedicated scheme ‘Sub Mission on Agricultural Mechanization (SMAM)’ has been introduced by Government of India in 2014-15. The scheme aims at ‘reaching the unreached’ by making farm machines accessible and affordable for the small and marginal farmers (SMFs) through establishment of Custom Hiring Centers(CHCs) , creating Hubs for hi-tech & high value farm equipment and Farm Machinery Banks. Distribution of various subsidized agricultural equipment and machines to individual farmer is also one of the activities under the scheme. Purchasing of farm machines for SMFs is not financially feasible therefore cust...

Burning of the crop residue in the fields of North India after the harvesting of the paddy crop before Diwali leads to a very sharp spike in air pollution everyyear. This stays through the winter. Such high levels of air pollution cause a health emergency. There is a public outcry and demand for effective action and a sense of frustration at the lack of progress in solving the problem. Extreme steps with marginal impact, such as banning the use of firecrackers on Diwali, putting up very expensive air purifying towers at critical points in Delhi, regime of odd-even for the plying of vehicles, gain support. Subsidies for the Happy Seeder to get farmers to plough in the residue have not yet resulted in change in farming practices on a scale to make difference to the air pollution crisis. Change in cropping patterns, no matter how desirable, cannot be but a medium-term goal. Prohibiting the practice of burning crop residues was easy. But punitive measures against farmers have not worked. T...

“Culture is more than just song and dance or architecture. It is the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people in the course of generations through individual and group striving.   Cultures cannot be separated from the societies in which they emerge, develop and, at times, decline and are subsumed by other cultures or fade away altogether. Cultural boundaries are diffuse but the term “tradition” or “culture” can easily lend itself to idea of a single society and its temporal, linear extant. Tradition, and culture, linked as they are to the idea of identity can also be construed to denote exclusivity, which can be troublesome.   Every culture evolves certain unique features of its own which, in their entirety and inter-relatedness, constitute its dominant configuration and differen...

Agriculture Export policy are as under:   To diversify our export basket, destinations and boost high value and value added agricultural exports, including focus on perishables. To promote novel, indigenous, organic, ethnic, traditional and non-traditional Agri products exports. To provide an institutional mechanism for pursuing market access, tackling barriers and dealing with sanitary and phytosanitary issues. To strive to double India’s share in world agri exports by integrating with global value chains. To enable farmers to get benefit of export opportunities in overseas market.   As part of the Agriculture Export Policy (AEP), several unique product-district clusters have been identified for export promotion, based on factors like existing production and export endowments, scalability of operations, size of the export  market / India’s share, and the potential for increase in exports

MSMEs contribute 30% of the GDP of India, and there are 6.5 crore units, Sh. Gadkari said the government’s aim is to increase the contribution to 40% of GDP, so that rural poor are benefited. Policy has to be made which will empower the poor, he emphasised. The Minister said “We  are not in favour of westernization, but we are in favour of modernization, in the villages. This is the time for socio-economic transformation. Recalling the philosophy of Mahatma Gandh, VinobhaBhave, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya, Ram Manohar Lohia and Jayaprakash Narayan, he said that their aim was the same – to improve the lives of the poor living in villages. Unless solutions are found to ensure that employment is generated in the villages, and they are clean and have enough facilities, the dreams of these leaders will not be fulfilled, he said. Migration of as much as 30% of the country’s population from rural areas took place since independence due to lack of growth of the village economy,. 

 వర్చువల్ నిఘా లేదా స్మార్ట్ వాల్: భారతదేశం వంటి దేశాలకు సరిహద్దు పర్యవేక్షణ చాలా కఠినమైనది, విస్తారమైన భౌగోళిక లక్షణాలను కలిగి ఉంది. అయితే సాంకేతిక పరిజ్ఞానం కారణంగా ఇటీవలి రోజుల్లో పర్యవేక్షణ సరిహద్దు నిర్వహణకు సులభమైంది.  వర్చువల్ నిఘా లాన్స్ లేదా స్మార్ట్ వాల్ అంటే ఏమిటి?  వర్చువల్ సర్వైలెన్స్ అనేది ప్రముఖ ఎడ్జ్ ఐపి హై డెఫినిషన్ సెక్యూరిటీ కెమెరాలు, నెట్‌వర్క్ వీడియో రికార్డర్స్, హై డెఫినిషన్ డ్రోన్లు, ఆర్టిఫికల్ ఇంటెలిజెన్స్ రోబోట్లు అయ్యాయి మరియు ఉపగ్రహ నిఘా, రాడార్ ఉపగ్రహం, కంప్యూటర్ అమర్చిన సరిహద్దు నియంత్రణ వాహనాలు, కంట్రోల్ సెన్సార్లు మరియు భూగర్భ సరిహద్దుల బదిలీలు, అక్రమ రవాణా మరియు అక్రమ సరిహద్దు వలసలను తనిఖీ చేయడానికి సెన్సార్లు.  నిఘా టవర్లు మరియు కెమెరాలతో పాటు, థర్మల్ ఇమేజింగ్ ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది, ఇది వస్తువులను గుర్తించడంలో సహాయపడుతుంది. ఈ వ్యవస్థ జంతువులు, మానవులు మరియు వాహనాల మధ్య తేడాను గుర్తించగలదు, ఆపై పెట్రోల్ ఏజెంట్ల హ్యాండ్‌హెల్డ్ మొబైల్ పరికరాలకు నవీకరణలను పంపుతుంది. వర్చువల్ నిఘా ఎందుకు?  'స్మార్ట్ వాల్' టెక్నాలజీ యొక్క ఉద్దేశ్యం భౌతిక అవ...

Wood’s Despatch is a long document of 100 paragraphs and deals with the various aspects of great educational importance.  Now we will discuss the recommendations in one by one. Aims and Objectives of Educational Policy:  The Despatch first throws light on the aims and objectives of educational policy of the Company in India. It gave highest priority to the responsibility of Indian Education overall other responsibilities of the Company. The Despatch had the following objectives in view: a) To impart Western knowledge, information about the western culture to the Indians. b) To educate the natives of India so that a class of public servants could be created. c) To promote intellectual development and also raise the moral character of the young generation. d) To develop practical and vocational skills of the Indians people so that more and more articles could be produced and also to create a good market for consumption of those goods. Department of Education:  The Wood’s De...

Charter Act of 1833 All the Acts passed by the British Parliament to regulate the affairs of the East India  Company, the Charter Act of 1833 stands out as the most comprehensive and far reaching in  effect. There were circumstances both in India and England which necessitated the passing of the Act. In India, the policy of intervention and territorial aggrandizement pursued by Wellesley  and Hastings had added enormously to the territories of the Company and also to the  consequent difficulties in administration. In England, Parliamentary reforms had brought into  being a reformed House of Commons where liberalism was at the ascendancy. Further, that  was a clamor for freedom of trade in India, unrestricted immigration of Europeans into India,  reform of Indian laws and also important to mention the influence, among others, of two  Liberals who were intimately associated with James Mill. The former, who was then in  Parliament, was Secretary...

India’s civilizational values teach us that importance of living in harmony with nature.         Our ancient scripture Yajurveda teaches us that our relationship with planet earth is that of a mother and her child. If we take care of mother earth, she will continue to nurture us. To adapt to Climate Change, our lifestyles must also adapt to this ideal. Climate Adaptation  is more significant today than ever before. And, it is a key element of India’s developmental efforts. We have promised ourselves that: We will not just meet our Paris Agreement targets, but exceed them; We will not just arrest environmental degradation but reverse it; and, We will not just create new capacities but make them an agent for global good. Our actions show our commitment. We are targeting 450 gigawatt of renewable energy capacity by 2030. We are promoting LED lights and saving 38 million tons of carbon-di-oxide emissions annually. We are going to restore 26 million he...

Note :Tips Taken from the UPSC Aspirants who failed in prelims in  one or two attempts and get successful in Qualifying prelims,plus mains and Interview finally selection list.  Strict to follow  only for  prelims  1)  News Paper reading must only for the  exam point of view.  2)Maintaining a self notes while reading subjects  for quick revision in last minute  3)  Takeing test series in offline or online (Min 50  max 100 tests to be taken, or more, on Subject wise and Full length tests)  4) Always limit the resources.  5) Revision at least twice, the notes you prepared for prelims.  6) Never neglect the paper 2 in Learning concepts and practiceing. (Time management is very important)  Note : Analysing the 2019 and 2020 prelims papers, we come across that upsc question pattern lengthen and more reasoning based question which consume time more in reading  the options. So aspirants must be consciousness w...

Emmanuel Kant (1724-1804) was a German-philosopher. He was born in a poor family.  He led a mechanical life of a bachelor in the old town of Canonsburg in north-east Germany. He  was regular in his habits and left home at fixed time. Even people set their watches when they  saw him on Lime Tree Road. He was keenly interested in critical philosophy. He was a fan of  Socrates, Plato, Aristotle and Hegel. He was a notable teacher in jurisprudence and metaphysics at the university of Canonsburg. He was also very famous writer. His writings include  (i) Critique of pure Reason, (ii) Judgment (iii) Practical Reason (iv) Metaphysics first principles of the Theory of Law and (v) Eternal Peace. Kant as a scholar opposed extreme materialism spread by philosophy of individualism.  He gave more importance on man's soul than his physical force. He also developed the concept  of universal moral law and freedom. He believed that law protects and inspires freedom. He ...

The world view of India essentially centres around the one-ness of all living beings because we believe that “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (The whole world is one family) and “Ekam Sat, Vipraah bahudhaa vadanti” (Truth is one, though wise men describe it in multiple ways). We also believe, as the Ishaavaasya Upanishad states in its opening line, “Ishaavasyam idam sarvam” (The whole universe is manifestation of the divinity).  If you look at it from the socio-political dimension, this is the quintessence of a democratic ethos where each individual is as important as another. It is a recognition of unity in diversity as well as celebration of one-ness in a plural world. We, in India, have traditionally recognized that there is a vibrant colourful variety in human existence and since each particle in this universe is animated by the same divine energy, there need not be any conflict. The diversity adds to the richness of our existence and enlivens our lives. This world view paves the way fo...

India’s excellence in science has now been combined with the recognition of its brilliance as an innovative economy. While the country has already attained the third position in terms of publications, it now features among the top 50 innovative economies globally as per the Global Innovation Index (GII), placing it ahead of many developed and developing countries. The combination of scientific excellence and innovation has been possible through encouraging investments in scientific activities, infrastructure as well as manpower development along with boosting of the entire innovation chain in an environment charged with the start-up India movement. “Our efforts for connecting the invention ecosystem that excels in creating knowledge and the innovation ecosystem facilitating knowledge consumption have helped bring about this transformation, and the 5 th  National Science Technology and Innovation Policy will help us take this forward more effectively,” said Professor Ashutosh Sharma...