Ethics and Values:Debates

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 There have been different philosophers during different time phases who have given different theories on ethics and values which explain the nature of such judgments in general, provide criteria for determining what is ethically right or wrong, and analyze the grounds or reasons

1.Socrates who observed that “the unexamined life is not worth living,”

Socrates asserted that people will naturally do what is good provided they know what is right, and that evil or bad actions are purely the result of ignorance: “

There is only one good, knowledge, and one evil, ignorance”He equated knowledge and wisdom with self-awareness (meaning to be aware of every fact relevant to a person’s existence) and virtue and happiness.

 So, in essence, he considered self-knowledge and self-awareness to be the essential good, because the truly wise (i.e. self-aware) person will know what is right, do what is good, and therefore be happy.

He thought that virtue is something that can be known and that the virtuous person is the one who knows what virtue is.

. He also thought that anyone who knows what virtue is will necessarily act virtuously. Those who act badly, therefore, do so only because they are ignorant of, or mistaken about, the real nature of virtue

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