Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples. (250 words 15 marks)

 The major mountain ranges of the world play a significant role in shaping local weather conditions. The alignment of these mountain ranges can have a major impact on the local climate and weather patterns.

One of the most notable examples of this is the impact of the Rocky Mountains in North America. These mountains run from north to south and form a barrier that divides the western and eastern parts of the continent. This barrier helps to create distinct weather patterns on either side of the range, with the western side experiencing a more arid climate due to the rain-shadow effect caused by the mountains.

Another example is the Andes Mountains in South America. The Andes run along the western coast of the continent and have a major impact on the local weather conditions. The mountains help to create a unique microclimate in the region, with high levels of precipitation and diverse vegetation patterns. The mountain range also acts as a barrier, protecting the western coastal regions from the cold winds that blow off the Pacific Ocean, and helping to create a more temperate climate.

Similarly, the Himalayas in Asia play a major role in shaping local weather conditions. These mountains run from west to east and form a barrier that separates the Indian sub-continent from the rest of Asia. The Himalayas help to create distinct weather patterns in the region, with the northern regions experiencing a more arid and dry climate, while the southern regions experience higher levels of precipitation and a more humid climate.

In conclusion, the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world has a significant impact on local weather conditions. These mountains act as natural barriers, shaping the climate and weather patterns of the regions they occupy. Examples of this can be seen in the Rocky Mountains in North America, the Andes Mountains in South America, and the Himalayas in Asia.

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