EducatorIAS

Back ground : All nations today rely on satellites for vital communication services, navigation, weather prediction, and scientific research. With increasing number of objects in space – useful or otherwise – the need for managing the Space Commons wisely is gaining importance. In the last few decades India has emerged as a Space power. With increasing dependence on her space assets for many of her development activities, India needs to protect her Space assets. As technological changes lower entry barriers, private players are expected to play greater role in the realm of small satellites. Kessler Syndrome and its effects on our space assets have to be addressed whether we like it or not. U.S.A, Russia and Europe have by and large dominated the SSA scene and China is fast catching up. Time has come for India as well as other space faring nations to ponder whether the current structure of the ...

Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service which are as under: 1. Ethical standards for public service should be clear; 2. Ethical standards should be reflected in the legal framework; 3. Ethical guidance should be available to public servants; 4. Public servants should know their rights and obligations when exposing wrongdoing; 5. Political commitment to ethics should reinforce the ethical conduct of public servants; 6. The decision-making process should be transparent and open to scrutiny; 7. There should be clear guidelines for interaction between the public and private sectors; 8. Managers should demonstrate and promote ethical conduct; 9. Management policies, procedures and. practices should promote ethical conduct; 10. Public service conditions and management of human resources should promote ethical conduct; 11. Adequate accountability mechanisms should be in place within the public service; and 12. Appropriate procedures and sanctions should exist to deal with miscond...

a) what is Transformative constituionalism give  with Example?10M b) what do you mean by constutional morality? Give with example? 

 

Benefits of Institutions of Eminence Government Institutions  to get  additional funding upto 1000 Cr . The selected Institutions under IoE shall have  complete academic and administrative autonomy. The Institutions of Eminence will have  complete financial autonomy  to spend the resources raised and allocated, subject to general conditions & restrictions of the Statutes and GFR. Academic collaborations with foreign higher educational institutions  (in top 500) would be  exemptfrom government approvals . Freedom to hire personnel from industry , etc, as faculty who are experts in their areasbut may not have the requisite higher academic qualifications. Freedom to recruit faculty from outside India  (limit of  25%  of its faculty strength for public institution). Freedom to enter into academic collaborations  with other Institutions within the country. Freedom to have  own transparent merit based system  for admission o...

Evolution of monetary policy in line with the changing character of the economy 1935 to 1949: Initial Phase  It is interesting to note that the Reserve Bank came into being in the backdrop of the great depression facing the world economy. Given the unsettled international monetary systems, the Preamble to the RBI Act, 1934 provided the edifice for the evolution of monetary policy framework. Until independence, the focus was on maintaining the sterling parity by regulating liquidity through open market operations (OMOs), with additional monetary tools of bank rate and cash reserve ratio (CRR). In other words, exchange rate was the nominal anchor for monetary policy. In view of the agrarian nature of the economy, inflation often emerged as a concern due to frequent supply side shocks. While the price control measures and rationing of essential commodities was undertaken by the Government, the Reserve Bank also used selective credit control and moral suasion to restrain banks fr...

Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government of India and Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), proposes to introduce a separate channel, called the ‘Voluntary Retention Route’ (VRR), to enable FPIs to invest in debt markets in India. Broadly, investments through the Route will be free of the macro-prudential and other regulatory prescriptions applicable to FPI investments in debt markets, provided FPIs voluntarily commit to retain a required minimum percentage of their investments in India for a period of their choice. Participation through this Route will be entirely voluntary. The features of the Route are explained below in detail. 1. Objective The objective of the VRR channel is to attract long-term and stable FPI investments into debt markets while providing FPIs with operational flexibility to manage their investments. 2. Eligible investors Any entity registered as an FPI with SEBI is eligible to participate through this Route. 3. Overview a. The total amount that ...

Background :Credit is a critical input in achieving high productivity and overall production in the agricultural sector.  To meet various obligations arising from interest subvention being provided to the farmers on short term crop loans, as also loans on post harvest storages meets an important input requirement of the farmers in the country.  This institutional credit will help in delinking the farmers from non-institutional sources of credit, where they are compelled to borrow at usurious rates of interest.  Flowing measures took by Government : Interest subvention for short term crop loans Interest subvention for post harvest loans Interest subvention for relief to farmers affected by natural calamities Interest subvention under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) Sailent features of interest subvention scheme : The Central Government provides to all farmers for short term crop loan ...

 National Infrastructure on Pipeline(NIP) Task force: The Central Government had constituted a task force to draw up a National Infrastructure Pipeline(NIP) from 2019-20 to 2024-25. The Task Force has been chaired by the Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs,Ministry of Finance. The task force has prepared a roadmap as it is estimated that India would need to spend $4.5 trillion on infrastructure by 2030 to sustain its growth rate. Hence,the endeavour of the NIP is to make this happen in an efficient manner. Key Highlights from the report: The task force unveiled the National Infrastructure Pipeline(NIP) with projects worth ₹102-lakh crore. The private companies will account for 22%-25% of the investments and the balance will come from the Centre and the states in equal proportions. The projects have been classified under two broad categories namely economic infrastructure and social infrastructure for both ease of doing business and ease of living. Under the projects,energy se...

National Data and Analytics Platform   India has rich publicly available data. Government departments have digitised various  processes and reporting requirements, which in turn are feeding into management information systems and interactive dashboards. This data is being used to track and visualise progress and make iterative improvements on the ground.However, the data landscape can improve. All public government data should be easily accessible to all stakeholders in a user-friendly manner. Further, data across sectors should be coherent tosupport analysis and dissemination. In addition, there should be easy access to the most recent data, published reliably. NDAP is a pan-India initiative by NITI Aayog. Its vision mission objectives and features are as follows: Vision : Democratize access to public Government data through a world-class user experience. Mission : Standardize data across multiple Government sources, provide flexible analytic...

Discuss the major operational principles of public administration given by Kautily?  Principles of Public Administration Kautilya attempts to elaborate on general principles for the running of public  administration in a state. These principles can be grouped in two sets; one embodying the essential attributes of the state and the other linked to the operational principles of administration. The principle of authority : is the essence of administration along with obedience and discipline. People consisting of four castes and four orders of religious life will keep to their occupations and duties when the king guides them with due authority. Authority is obeyed by the people on account of sanctions backed by a series of punishments. The principle of unity of command : Unity of command and direction is maintained because of  the king’s authority. This is not merely for the purpose of security of the King’s person, but also for the purpose of maintaining the integ...

What is CRISPR CRISPR ( clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ) is a family of DNA sequences that naturally occur in the genome of prokaryotes including bacteria. These repeats are derived from the viruses that infect prokaryotes. Therefore, they can be used to recognize similar DNA sequences, destroying similar DNA sequences from viruses in the subsequent infections. Thus, CRISPR becomes an antiviral defense system in prokaryotes. Here, an enzyme known as Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) uses CRISPR as a guide sequence to recognize complementary strands and then, it cleaves the complementary sequence. What is RNAi RNAi ( RNA interference ) is a biological process which regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through degrading target mRNA. It is one of the most widely used approaches to study gene function in reverse genetics. Here, the two main types of small RNA molecules involved in the process are  micro RNA (miRNA) ...