EducatorIAS

Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service which are as under: 1. Ethical standards for public service should be clear; 2. Ethical standards should be reflected in the legal framework; 3. Ethical guidance should be available to public servants; 4. Public servants should know their rights and obligations when exposing wrongdoing; 5. Political commitment to ethics should reinforce the ethical conduct of public servants; 6. The decision-making process should be transparent and open to scrutiny; 7. There should be clear guidelines for interaction between the public and private sectors; 8. Managers should demonstrate and promote ethical conduct; 9. Management policies, procedures and. practices should promote ethical conduct; 10. Public service conditions and management of human resources should promote ethical conduct; 11. Adequate accountability mechanisms should be in place within the public service; and 12. Appropriate procedures and sanctions should exist to deal with miscond

a) what is Transformative constituionalism give  with Example?10M b) what do you mean by constutional morality? Give with example? 

 

Benefits of Institutions of Eminence Government Institutions  to get  additional funding upto 1000 Cr . The selected Institutions under IoE shall have  complete academic and administrative autonomy. The Institutions of Eminence will have  complete financial autonomy  to spend the resources raised and allocated, subject to general conditions & restrictions of the Statutes and GFR. Academic collaborations with foreign higher educational institutions  (in top 500) would be  exemptfrom government approvals . Freedom to hire personnel from industry , etc, as faculty who are experts in their areasbut may not have the requisite higher academic qualifications. Freedom to recruit faculty from outside India  (limit of  25%  of its faculty strength for public institution). Freedom to enter into academic collaborations  with other Institutions within the country. Freedom to have  own transparent merit based system  for admission of students. Freedom to  admit additionally foreign students  on

Evolution of monetary policy in line with the changing character of the economy 1935 to 1949: Initial Phase  It is interesting to note that the Reserve Bank came into being in the backdrop of the great depression facing the world economy. Given the unsettled international monetary systems, the Preamble to the RBI Act, 1934 provided the edifice for the evolution of monetary policy framework. Until independence, the focus was on maintaining the sterling parity by regulating liquidity through open market operations (OMOs), with additional monetary tools of bank rate and cash reserve ratio (CRR). In other words, exchange rate was the nominal anchor for monetary policy. In view of the agrarian nature of the economy, inflation often emerged as a concern due to frequent supply side shocks. While the price control measures and rationing of essential commodities was undertaken by the Government, the Reserve Bank also used selective credit control and moral suasion to restrain banks from e

Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government of India and Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), proposes to introduce a separate channel, called the ‘Voluntary Retention Route’ (VRR), to enable FPIs to invest in debt markets in India. Broadly, investments through the Route will be free of the macro-prudential and other regulatory prescriptions applicable to FPI investments in debt markets, provided FPIs voluntarily commit to retain a required minimum percentage of their investments in India for a period of their choice. Participation through this Route will be entirely voluntary. The features of the Route are explained below in detail. 1. Objective The objective of the VRR channel is to attract long-term and stable FPI investments into debt markets while providing FPIs with operational flexibility to manage their investments. 2. Eligible investors Any entity registered as an FPI with SEBI is eligible to participate through this Route. 3. Overview a. The total amount that

Background :Credit is a critical input in achieving high productivity and overall production in the agricultural sector.  To meet various obligations arising from interest subvention being provided to the farmers on short term crop loans, as also loans on post harvest storages meets an important input requirement of the farmers in the country.  This institutional credit will help in delinking the farmers from non-institutional sources of credit, where they are compelled to borrow at usurious rates of interest.  Flowing measures took by Government : Interest subvention for short term crop loans Interest subvention for post harvest loans Interest subvention for relief to farmers affected by natural calamities Interest subvention under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana - National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) Sailent features of interest subvention scheme : The Central Government provides to all farmers for short term crop loan upto one year

 National Infrastructure on Pipeline(NIP) Task force: The Central Government had constituted a task force to draw up a National Infrastructure Pipeline(NIP) from 2019-20 to 2024-25. The Task Force has been chaired by the Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs,Ministry of Finance. The task force has prepared a roadmap as it is estimated that India would need to spend $4.5 trillion on infrastructure by 2030 to sustain its growth rate. Hence,the endeavour of the NIP is to make this happen in an efficient manner. Key Highlights from the report: The task force unveiled the National Infrastructure Pipeline(NIP) with projects worth ₹102-lakh crore. The private companies will account for 22%-25% of the investments and the balance will come from the Centre and the states in equal proportions. The projects have been classified under two broad categories namely economic infrastructure and social infrastructure for both ease of doing business and ease of living. Under the projects,energy sector

National Data and Analytics Platform   India has rich publicly available data. Government departments have digitised various  processes and reporting requirements, which in turn are feeding into management information systems and interactive dashboards. This data is being used to track and visualise progress and make iterative improvements on the ground.However, the data landscape can improve. All public government data should be easily accessible to all stakeholders in a user-friendly manner. Further, data across sectors should be coherent tosupport analysis and dissemination. In addition, there should be easy access to the most recent data, published reliably. NDAP is a pan-India initiative by NITI Aayog. Its vision mission objectives and features are as follows: Vision : Democratize access to public Government data through a world-class user experience. Mission : Standardize data across multiple Government sources, provide flexible analytics and make it easil

Discuss the major operational principles of public administration given by Kautily?  Principles of Public Administration Kautilya attempts to elaborate on general principles for the running of public  administration in a state. These principles can be grouped in two sets; one embodying the essential attributes of the state and the other linked to the operational principles of administration. The principle of authority : is the essence of administration along with obedience and discipline. People consisting of four castes and four orders of religious life will keep to their occupations and duties when the king guides them with due authority. Authority is obeyed by the people on account of sanctions backed by a series of punishments. The principle of unity of command : Unity of command and direction is maintained because of  the king’s authority. This is not merely for the purpose of security of the King’s person, but also for the purpose of maintaining the integrity and stability

What is CRISPR CRISPR ( clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats ) is a family of DNA sequences that naturally occur in the genome of prokaryotes including bacteria. These repeats are derived from the viruses that infect prokaryotes. Therefore, they can be used to recognize similar DNA sequences, destroying similar DNA sequences from viruses in the subsequent infections. Thus, CRISPR becomes an antiviral defense system in prokaryotes. Here, an enzyme known as Cas9 (CRISPR-associated protein 9) uses CRISPR as a guide sequence to recognize complementary strands and then, it cleaves the complementary sequence. What is RNAi RNAi ( RNA interference ) is a biological process which regulates gene expression at the post-transcriptional level through degrading target mRNA. It is one of the most widely used approaches to study gene function in reverse genetics. Here, the two main types of small RNA molecules involved in the process are  micro RNA (miRNA) and

Features of the bill: Disputes Resolution Committee:  The Bill requires the  central government to set up  a  Disputes Resolution Committee (DRC) , for resolving any inter-state water dispute amicably.  The DRC will get a period of one year, extendable by six months , to submit its report to the central government. Members of DRC:  Members of the DRC will be from relevant fields, as deemed fit by the central government. Tribunal : The Bill proposes to set up an Inter-State River Water Disputes Tribunal, for adjudication of water disputes, if a dispute is not resolved through the DRC.  This tribunal can have multiple benches.  All existing tribunals will be dissolved and the water disputes pending adjudication before such existing tribunals will be transferred to this newly formed tribunal . Composition of the Tribunal:  The tribunal shall consist of a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, and not more than six nominated members (judges of the Supreme Court

Suggest reforms for further strengthening our parliamentary institutions so as to enhance the trust of the people in them? Since 1952, the Parliament of India has played a significant role in the socio-economic transformation of the country by enacting several far reaching legislations. With the passage of time and with the growing inter-connected nature of the comity of nations and technological advancements, several new and complex challenges are staring at the young and aspiring India. Addressing these challenges underscore the need to address certain issues that are denting the functioning of our parliamentary institutions. Based on the experience of the last 67 years of our parliamentary democracy, we need to evolve a new normal for our parliamentary institutions so that our nation can make up for the lost time and opportunities. Both pre and post Legislative Impact Assessment to be ensured for quality and informed law making for creating wider awareness about the targeted outcom

What is malware? Describe how malware were used in the era of digital age?what measures need to be taken by government for national security?  Malware is short for malicious software. It is designed to either gain access to or damage someone’s computer network.  For example, ransomware is a kind of malware. Two viruses, Whisper and GravityRAT, were used honey trap  Financial traps  Honey traps  Cyber traps  Economy traps  Security traps  Information sharing traps  Social media traps  Measures need to be taken: Creating  Awareness For example : cyber suraksha programme.  Improving legal framework : information technology act 2000.  Strengthening  law enforcement : national data protection bill 2018enforcement law.  Improved response : national cyber coordination cell.  Providing guidelines /good practices es /standards : adopt g iso standards, use of authentication software,  Measuring of malware : Developed cyber coordinated cells : Information share at cross borders : Research and dev

Q:Review of its State Science and Technology Councils (SSTC) Programme by the government of India is a step forward in decentralization of the agenda of science and democratization of access to science and its methods, which was long overdue. Comment.(250 words)?  As a developing country, India faces many challenges. The systematic study of such problems and their solutions will lead not only to better development outcomes, but also new science, enterprises and jobs.  So the government of indian with the help of  department of science and technology establish State science and technology councils for systematic study of various Challanges  Role SSTC: 1)The SSTCs were formed to spearhead the use of science and technology (S&T) for regional problems and to foster “scientific temper” within states. 2)To increase the Science & Technology infrastructure for meeting the challenging demands in basic research, technological development and scientific services. 3) To identify the areas

Explain the relevance of convergence widely adopted  as a governance innovation in recent times. Illustrate with examples?  A number of programmes are being run concurrently by the Government to address the twin issues of unemployment and poverty alleviation. So there is a need for better convergence of the schemes to avoid duplication and leakages and to ensure that the fruits of the schemes reach the targeted beneficiaries. Why convergence?  To effectively address the issue of poverty alleviation, there is a need to optimise efforts through inter-sectoral approaches. The convergence of different programmes like: Watershed Programmes, National Agriculture Development Programme (Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana), National Horticulture Mission, Scheme of Artificial Recharge of Ground Water through Dug well, BRGF, with NREGA will enable better planning and effective investments in rural areas. Benefits of convergence : 1) Increase in Social Capital: Collective planning and implementation am

Reforms in the power sector are urgent if the country is to eliminate distortions that keep the economy below its potential.? Discuss?  Electricity is critical to fulfilling the growth aspirations of a developing economy. It fuels industry, agriculture, and, consequently, consumer demand. India has made impressive strides in the power sector over the last 15 years. It is now the third-largest producer and consumer of power in the world. To mix some metaphors, with an installed capacity of 350 gigawatts (GW), India is a global powerhouse. Statistics :  With an annual electricity production estimated at about 1,300 billion units, India’s power generation has been growing at approximately 6-7% a year over the last 10 years, keeping pace with real gross domestic product (GDP) growth.  Installed capacity has been growing faster than GDP at nearly 11% per annum over the last decade. India has diversified sources of power, with thermal coal/gas constituting 66%, nuclear 2%, renewables 13%, an

Industrial sickness is considered as a constraint of  economic development. In fact, such sickness is a commercial term which has been defined by Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as “one which incurs cash loss for one year and in the judgment of the bank is likely to continue to incur cash loss for the current year as well as, ratios such as current ratio is less than 1:1 and worsening debt equity ratio”. Factors responsible industrial sickness was :

According to the Periodic labour force the unemployment rate for all age groups increased from 2.2% (2011-12) to 6.1% (2017-18), youth unemployment rate surged to a level never witnessed before in the Indian economy, increasing from 6.1% (2011-12) to 17.8% (2017-18). So Inorder to create more job creation required talent reforms instead of economic reforms.  Talent reforms : Government policies needed to be align middle group include lowering of corporate tax rates and abolition of incentives that favour more capital-intensive units, better public infrastructure, especially access to quality power supply at reasonable rates, improved logistics, greater ease of doing business, better access to finance, ample availability of skilled labour, and more flexible labour laws. Development of skills through a combination of apprenticeships and training institutes run by the private sector, with an eye to the demand for skills in the market, is also critical. Reform taxation:  The tax structure

India is bound to play a leading role in determining the global success of the SDGs. By 2030, India will have the largest number of young people in the globe, a population size which will be a boon only if these young people are skilled enough to join the workforce. The recently launched SDG Index 2019-2020 by Niti Aayog assigned a composite score of 58 to India under the SDG on Quality Education, with only 12 states/UTs having a score of more than 64. The current government expenditure on education is less than 3% of the GDP and the pupil-teacher ratio for elementary school stands at 24:1, lower than that of comparable countries such as Brazil and China. Further, with the rapidly increasing population and dwindling resources, it would not be possible to match the demand for teachers. There is a need for a bottom up approach - the SDGs will have to be localized at the grass root level. As we enter the last decade to achieve the targets set by the UN, there is a need to propel