EducatorIAS

  Ethics and Human Interface: Essence, determinants and consequences of Ethics in human actions; dimensions of ethics; ethics in private and public relationships.  

  Human Values – lessons from the lives and teachings of great leaders, reformers and administrators; role of family, society and educational institutions in inculcating value

  Attitude: Content, structure, function; its influence and relation with thought and behaviour; moral and political attitudes; social influence and persuasion. 

  Aptitude and Foundational Values for Civil Service: Integrity, impartiality and non-partisanship, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance and compassion towards the weaker sections.

  . Emotional Intelligence: Concepts, and their utilities and application in administration and governance. Contributions of moral thinkers and philosophers from India and world.

    Public/Civil Service Values and Ethics in Public Administration: Status and problems; ethical concerns and dilemmas in government and private institutions; laws, rules, regulations and conscience as sources of ethical guidance; accountability and ethical governance; strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance; ethical issues in international relations and funding; corporate governance. 

  Probity in Governance: Concept of public service; Philosophical basis of governance and probity; Information sharing and transparency in government, Right to Information, Codes of Ethics, Codes of Conduct, Citizen’s Charters, Work culture, Quality of service delivery, Utilization of public funds, challenges of corruption. ● Case Studies on Above Issues

 The great Spirit of Life from Indian Philosophy  In terms of philosophical moorings, which traditions have been enshrined in the following ideals:  a. “Sarva Dharam Sambhava”- it means to give equal respects for all religions.  b. “Ekla Chalo Re” – it means when no one responds to your call, even hten we should mach on alone for the cause.  c. “Vasudhev Kutumbakam”- it means feeling for the entire universe as a global village.  d. “Sarvajan Hitay Sarvajan Sukhay”- it means bliss in the happiness of all.  e. “Sarvodaya”- it means good and development for all.  f. “Antodaya” – it means prosperity if the poorest.  g. “Atithi Devo Bhava”- it means to welcome the guests as he is like God.  These are the prime and the most focused duties and virtues of the individuals in our society as they are defined in our ancient scriptures

 Jain Dharma is an old Indian religion. The basic idea of Jainism is non-violence and respect for all the living beings Morality and virtues: Jainism related to the interconnection between religion and morality. One must live a good life as well go higher to divine perfection. There are different ethical standards and values for laymen and monks. To avoid pain and loss in living beings, practice of Dharma is most essential. Ten virtues of Jainism are humility, purity, non-attachment, self-restraint, super forbearance, straight forwardness, truthfulness and complete renunciation. Thoughts, actions and speech are governed by these virtues. Dharma (religion) and morality are related to each other.  Equality in men and women  A book on ‘Jain system of education’ clearly states that Jains laid stress on educating all the individuals, kings, princes, princesses and even laymen. Their main aim was to provide knowledge and wisdom to all men and women to build their character by p...

  Buddha’s Eightfold Path-  The Buddha’s eightfold path consists basically Panna: wisdom, sila: morality and Samadhi : meditation. He stressed upon right understanding of the noble truths and right thinking to follow right path in life. He also focused on right speech and to abstain from lying, criticism, gossip, harsh language etc. He also guided to follow right actions to away from killing and stealing. One should also avoid dishonesty and hurting others. We must put right efforts to conquer bad qualities. We must have awareness of our body, mind and emotions to overcome hatred and ignorance. Right concentration can be obtained through continuous meditation. Spread of Peace- This was Buddha’s main message, Buddha‘s aim towards all living beings was to spread peace,. Human society can be peaceful by accepting this very aim of Buddha. Peace can be attained through the practice of non-violence, equally brotherhood and friendship. This message of Buddha was not only for the...

 The religious life is considered as system of education. Likewise, Hinduism is based on inculcating and practicing certain basic human value which are termed as ‘Yamas’. ‘Yamas’ refer to behavior of individuals in daily life. These are the essential morals which every Hindu must have. The basic human values in Hinduism are described as follows: Truthfulness (Satyam)  In Hinduism everyone should speak the truth with kindness and compassion. Truth is always ultimate winner. It is possible that in short run untruth may appear to win but in long run truth will always win. But if truth causes harm, it is better to be silent rather than speaking it. Therefore, one should speak the pleasant truth. Non Voilence (Ahimsa)  Hinduism teaches us to follow the principle of non violence. According To Hinduism ‘ Ahimsa Paramo Dharma Non Stealing (Asteyam) Hinduism teaches us not to steal or enter into debt. One should not be greedy and selfish. This may result in stealing & non viol...

  Ethics is the study of the individual and collective moral awareness, judgement, character and conduct.. Our great epics and other works have elaborately defined all the components of personal, professional, and social ethics. In fact, a helping attitude, empathetic, thought process, kindness to fellow beings, selflessness, honesty and integrity are all the key elements of the ethics.  The broad objective of ethics is to study the human behaviour and make evaluative assessment about them as moral or immoral. It establishes moral standards and norms of behaviour and makes judgement upon human behaviour based on these standards and norms and also prescribes moral behaviour and makes recommendations about hoe to or how not to behave. It also expresses an opinion or attitude about human conduct. Ethics and morale The word ethics and morale are used interchangeably and are generally understood to convey the same meaning whereas some philosophers draw a difference between the two....

 THE NEED FOR VALUE EDUCATION:  Every individual cherishes desires and aspirations for his life and he is individually responsible for their fulfillment. This has been the way of life since time immemorial. Some desires are fulfilled and some are not. Some people meekly accept their failure to fulfill their desires and some do not. The cause behind the success of some and the failure of others is mainly wisdom which differs person to person. This means that the wisdom of every individual is his primary value for developing appropriate skills. There are many other areas, too, where value education is deemed necessar y Identifying one’s own ‘self’: In absence of right understanding of self or its aspirations, a person would naturally attempt to fulfill every desire appearing in his mind, if he possibly can. If such a person has picked up unethical values in the process of his upbringing, it is natural for his mind to generate unethical desires. In his attempts to fulfill such de...

Human values can be defined as the belief, principles, followings, set standard that individual follows as their guidelines in daily activities. These human values are an important part of human nature. Without these values human beings are like flower without fragrance. Professional ethics are mainly built on the basis of these principle human values. From the societal point of view, these values are set of behavioral practices that individuals choose to practice in the light of maintaining interpersonal relationship. In the present era, human values plays a pivotal role in maintain peace and protecting society. Establishing human values into practical form contribute towards maintaining morality within the society. By correlating human values with personal relations, human being can live in harmony with others.   Human values are of universal nature. They are shared by all human beings, irrespective of their caste, creed, nationality, culture and personal history. Some of th...

 There are varieties of values and ethics present in a present society. These different types and kinds of values can be classified as follows:    1. Individual Values: As the name itself signifies, individual values are such which is directly concerned to the development of human personality. It targets individual norms of recognization and protection of the human personality such as honesty, loyalty and honor. 2. Collective Values: Collective values are concerned with the society at large. Values connected with the norms of equality, justice, solidarity and sociability are known as collective values. 3. Intrinsic Values : These can be called as fundamental values to life and are directly related with the core goal of life. In the hierarchy of human values, these values stand at the highest place and are superior to all other values of life. These values help to determine the intensity of human rights and duties. 4. Instrumental Values : Those values which facili...

Values are composed of different characteristics. Most of the imbibed values are learnt in the very early stages in our life from family, relatives, friends, school, media and other different sources of society, which later on becomes a part of our personality. These values are generally shared and reinforced by those with whom we interact. It can be individual specific or can be general. The main functions are as follows:  (i) Values mend various prospects of individual’s personality and also influence the socio-cultural aspects of the individual.  (ii) Values build up different pillars supporting the society and integrate social relations. (iii) Values play an important role in the integration and fulfillment of man’s basic desires in a stable and consistent manner which is necessary for his living.  (iv) Values influence individual’s attitude and serves as the basis for evaluating the behavior of others.  (v) They have an important role to play in the conduct of o...

 Although three of them fall under the wide category of value system, there exists a thin line difference among them.   Ethical values c an be categorized as respectful behavior towards other human being, plants as well as animals without harmony them,  while moral values are in fact the same but today moralizing rhetoric is not well received.  On the other hand, human values are co nsidered much more as developing positive attitude directly concerned with the behavior. PROMINENT HUMAN VALUES 1. Genuine: One should have genuine feeling for others. Behavior should be honest, warm and heartily for people around you. Individual’s feeling should be such that it is felt genuinely by others.  2. Modesty: One must be humble in his/ her approach. There should not be a feeling of superiority within an individual. Modesty and humanity in nature have a far more everlasting impact on the people.  3. Self-Respect: One should try to be someone whom people around give...

 Human values can be defined as the belief, principles, followings, set standard that individual follows as their guidelines in daily activities. These human values are an important part of human nature. Without these values human beings are like flower without fragrance. Professional ethics are mainly built on the basis of these principle human values. From the societal point of view, these values are set of behavioral practices that individuals choose to practice in the light of maintaining interpersonal relationship. In the present era, human values plays a pivotal role in maintain peace and protecting society. Establishing human values into practical form contribute towards maintaining morality within the society. By correlating human values with personal relations, human being can live in harmony with others. NATURE OF HUMAN VALUES  I. Human values are universal : Human values are universal in nature. These values are mutually shared by all human beings, no matter to whic...

  Max Webber  believed that exercise of authority was a universal phenomenon that characterized the social relationships. His thought on authority need to be studied in the context of his theory of domination. Domination refers to power relationship between rulers and ruled. Weber identified three type of legitimation, each according to a particular type of domination to justify the exercise of authority. These are Traditional Authority, Charismatic Authority and Legal Rational Authority. 1. Traditional Authority: The traditional authority derives its legitimacy from the sanctity of tradition and belief in the appropriateness of traditional way of doing things. The leader under such an authority system exercise authority by virtue of status he has inherited. The ruler is obeyed because traditions so demand. The administrator may also exercise arbitrary authority. However, all his actions are legitimized in the name of traditions and customs. This type of authority is vested i...

  Few are open to conviction, but the majority of men are open to persuasion ” - Johann Wolfgang von Goethe The principal purpose of persuasion can be defined as being able to influence or change one’s attitudes, beliefs or values towards a particular subject/objec t, so that these will merge and finally equal the persuader’s thoughts and feelings. Attitude = A predisposition to respond to people, ideas, objects, or events in evaluative way Beliefs = The ways people perceive reality to be; our conceptions about what is true and what is false Values = People’s most enduring judgements about what’s good and bad in life . The Rhetoric of Persuasion According to the Greek Philosopher Aristotle, persuasion could be brought about by the speaker’s use of three modes of “rhetoric” – Ethos, Pathos and Logos  Ethos : The persuasion lies in the power and authority of the speaker. Aristotle considered it the most important attribute of any communication. The audience has to find the ...

  Persuasion is an act or process of presenting arguments to move, motivate, or change your audience. Persuasion can be implicit or explicit and can have both positive and negative effects. In this chapter the importance of ethics will continued to be reviewed, especially related to presenting motivational arguments to your audience so that they will consider your points, adopt your view, or change their behavior. How motivation is different from  the persuasion : Motivation is different from persuasion in that it involves the force, stimulus, or influence to bring about change. Persuasion is the process, and motivation is the compelling stimulus that encourages your audience to change their beliefs or behaviour, to adopt your position, or to consider your arguments. Principles of Persuasion 1. Reciprocity 2. Scarcity 3. Authority 4. Commitment and consistency 5. Consensus 6. Liking Reciprocity Reciprocity is the mutual expectation for exchange of value or service. In all...

  Happiness is the successful state of life, pain is an agent of death. Happiness is that state of consciousness which proceeds from the achievement of one’s values. A morality that dares to tell you to find happiness in the renunciation of your happiness — to value the failure of your values — is an insolent negation of morality. A doctrine that gives you, as an ideal, the role of a sacrificial animal seeking slaughter on the altars of others, is giving you  death  as your standard. By the grace of reality and the nature of life, man — every man — is an end in himself, he exists for his own sake, and the achievement of his own happiness is his highest moral purpose. But neither life nor happiness can be achieved by the pursuit of irrational whims. Just as man is free to attempt to survive in any random manner, but will perish unless he lives as his nature requires, so he is free to seek his happiness in any mindless fraud, but the torture of frustration is all he will fi...

Define the following :  1)   Integrity : – An administrator would undertake an administrative action on the basis of honesty and not use his power, position and discretion to serve his personal interest and the illegitimate interests of other individuals or groups. Integrity is much more than financial honesty Holders of public office should not place themselves under any financial or other obligation to outside individuals or organizations that might seek to influence them in the performance of their official duties. 2) Impartiality and non-partisanship:  Impartiality means acting solely according to t he merits of the case and serving governments of different political parties and the general public equally well and in the same spirit. In practice, impartiality often requires public servants to refrain from opinions, positions or actions that demonstrate a bias toward or against a particular cause or course of action, including the defence of government policies. A...

 The Public Service, made up of those employees of the State, who are covered by National and Sub-national Service laws, plays an indispensable role in ‘sustainable development and God Governance’ of a Nation. It is an integral part of the Democracy, because it serves as the ‘neutral’ administrative structure, which carries out the decisions of the Elected Representatives of the people. It not only serves as the backbone if the State in implementing a strategy for Economic growth of a nation, but also runs the ‘programmes that function as the safety net for the most vulnerable segments of the society. Given these crucial roles, a country expects its Public Service to demonstrate high standards of ‘Professionalism’ and “ethics”. Dedication to public service mean that Spirit of service and sacrifice is an essential ingredient of public services and public officials should feel inspired that they are working for a national cause. They should realize the importance of noble mission of ...